3. How to...

How to...


  • How to create threaded replies in NodeBB:

    https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/issues/7319


  • How to negotiate a better home loan rate with your bank (from Barefoot Investor SCOTT PAPE):

    You: Hello, my account number is ______. I’ve been with you for ___ years, but I’ve applied to refinance with UBank. Their rate is ____ per cent, which is a full ___ per cent cheaper than you’re charging me. Given our longstanding relationship, I’d like you to match the offer — or send me the forms I need to switch to UBank.

    Bank rep: One moment, please.

    (You’re bluffing, of course. However, the bank’s sales team have strict targets, backed by incentives, that they have to meet — one of which is giving profitable customers discounts to stop them leaving.)

    Bank rep: We can’t match the rate you have quoted. However, we understand you are a valuable customer, so we would like to offer you a 0.15 per cent discount.

    You: That’s not good enough. I’ve already got conditional approval … so in order to stay I need at least a 0.5 per cent discount. Could you please speak to your supervisor? I’m happy to wait.

    Bank rep (a full six minutes later): On reviewing your case, we can offer you that 0.5 per cent discount on your current rate.

    You: Brilliant! Please send me an email confirming the new rate and confirming that it will be applied as of start of business tomorrow.


  • How to fix the error "FATAL: container creation failed:" "error: can't mount image " "failed to mount squashfs filesystem: input/output error":

    #This occurs when you try to run a singularity container within a VM and it is located on a mounted ntfs filesystem. The solution is to transfer the container to a different filesystem eg. ext3.

  • How to run docker-compose when you get the errors:

    • File "posixpath.py", line 376, in abspath
    • FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

    Open a new terminal and repeat the command.


  • How to login to root account in a new ubuntu/xubuntu virtual machine that has been set up with a non-administrator account:

    su
yourpasswordfortheuseraccount

  • How to update apt and install filezilla on xubuntu using a proxy:

    sudo apt -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://user:password@host:port/" update
sudo apt -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://user:password@host:port/" install filezilla

  • How to install ubuntu on windows:

    1. Follow the instructions at:
      https://s1gr1d.medium.com/how-to-set-up-linux-on-windows-with-wsl-2-debe2a64d20d
      (NB. these instructions work for Windows 10 and 11 although the location of the Settings menus may differ slightly. Also note that VMX is the same as VT-X in the BIOS settings)
    2. In Windows Powershell, you may also need to issue the following commands:
    bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype Auto
wsl --update

  • How to use your phone as a webcam:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArVDKf2QK1s


  • How to fix the following error in NextFlow:

    WARN: Failed to render DAG file:

    This error prevents NextFlow from drawing the DAG for the pipeline.

    #install Graphviz 
#eg. with conda
conda install -c conda-forge graphviz

  • How to gather and group all tuple elements in a NextFlow channel by the first and second indexes of each tuple, perform a process on a file containing the first and second indices, and then reform the original channel by scattering:

    hc_ch = Channel.of(
    ['abc', 1, file('file1.txt')],
    ['abc', 1, file('file2.txt')],
    ['abc', 1, file('file3.txt')],
    ['def', 2, file('file4.txt')]
)

combinedChannel = hc_ch.groupTuple(by: [0, 1])
    • Expected structure of combinedChannel:

    [ ['abc', 1, [file('file1.txt'), file('file2.txt'), file('file3.txt')]],
    ['def', 2, [file('file4.txt')]]
    ]

    
process delete_txt {

    input:
    tuple val(id), val(sub_id), val(files) from combinedChannel

    output:
    tuple val(id), val(sub_id), val(files) into processedChannel

    script:
    """
    rm ${id}_${sub_id}.txt
    """
}
    • Expected structure of processedChannel:

    [ ['abc', 1, [file('file1.txt'), file('file2.txt'), file('file3.txt')]],
    ['def', 2, [file('file4.txt')]]
    ]

    flattenedChannel = processedChannel.flatMap { id, sub_id, files -> files.collect { [id, sub_id, it] } }
    • Expected structure of flattenedChannel:
      [ ['abc', 1, file('file1.txt')],
      ['abc', 1, file('file2.txt')],
      ['abc', 1, file('file3.txt')],
      ['def', 2, file('file4.txt')]
      ]

  • How to get the path for the folder containing a bash script within the bash script:

    # Get the directory where the script resides
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
echo $SCRIPTDIR

  • How to convert a minimap2 alignment to gff/gtf:
    https://github.com/lh3/minimap2/issues/455
    https://github.com/lh3/minimap2/files/9591008/bam2gff_fixGffread.zip
    bam2gff_fixGffread.zip

    minimap2 -t 10 -ax splice:hq -uf ref.fa cdna.fa |/Bio/bin/samtools-1.14 view -b > minimap2.tr.bam
perl bam2gff.pl -b minimap2.tr.bam -o minimap2.tr.gff -s /Bio/bin/samtools-1.14 gffread minimap2.tr.gff -T -o minimap2.tr.gtf
perl fixGffread.pl -i minimap2.tr.gtf -o minimap2.tr.fix.gtf

    Alternative method:

    #Align sequences and convert to BAM
minimap2 -ax splice --cs target.fa query.fa | samtools sort -O BAM - > alignments.bam
#Convert to BED12 using BEDtools
bedtools bamtobed -bed12 -i alignments.bam > alignments.bed 
#Convert to genePred using UCSC tools
bedToGenePred alignments.bed alignments.genepred
#Convert to GTF2 using UCSC tools. genePredToGtf has additional options that might be useful in specific use cases.
genePredToGtf "file" alignments.genepred alignments.gtf

  • How to do a dotplot with minimap2:

    minimap2 -DP ref.fa query.fa|miniasm/minidot - > dot.eps

  • How to interpret genome dot plots (#dotplots #genomic).

    interpretation of dotplots.jpg

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